This study models the potential benefits and costs of adding family planning to national strategies for achieving universal access to programs to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. The analysis assumes a service delivery perspective and estimate the cost-effectiveness of programs to reduce the number of HIV-infected children through using antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent perinatal transmission, and of family planning programs to avert additional infant infections not already averted by antiretroviral prophylaxis, as well as of family planning to reduce the number of total unintended births to women living with HIV. Data are presented from the 139 countries included in the 2008 Annual United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS Report, although the main results are for the 14 countries with the largest number of HIV-infected pregnant women.
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