This review assesses the effectiveness of programmes seeking to engage men and boys in achieving gender equality and equity in health. It analyses data from 58 evaluation studies of interventions with men and boys in the areas of: sexual and reproductive health; fatherhood; gender-based violence; maternal, newborn and child health; and gender socialisation. Key findings of the review indicate that: well-designed programmes with men and boys show compelling evidence of leading change in behaviour and attitudes; programmes rated as being gender-transformative has a higher rate of effectiveness; integrated programmes and programmes within community outreach, mobilisation and mass-media campaigns show more effectiveness in producing behaviour change; evidence of behaviour change in all programme areas and in all types of programme interventions; and relatively few programmes with men and boys go beyond the pilot stage or a short-term time frame.