This is a brief prepared for the 2020 conference “Building Resilience for Food and Nutrition Security,” May 15–17, 2014, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The main points of discussion are:

• Addressing the acute crisis of undernutrition;
• Recovering from a nutritional shock; can interventions promote catch-up growth? and;
• Limiting the long-term consequences of early malnutrition.