The study estimates the effect of fertility on female labor force participation in a cross-country panel data set using abortion legislation as an instrument for fertility. The study found a large negative effect of the fertility rate on female labor force participation. The direct effect was concentrated among those aged 20-39; cohort participation was persistent over time giving an effect among older women. The study presents a simulation model of the effect of fertility reduction on income per capita, taking into account changes in female labor force participation as well as population numbers and age structure
Fertility, female labor force participation, and the demographic dividend
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