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Most efforts to date to prevent mother-to child transmission of HIV have focused on provision of antiretroviral prophylaxis to HIV-infected pregnant women. Increasing voluntary contraceptive use has been an underused approach, despite clear evidence that preventing pregnancies in HIV-infected women who do not wish to become pregnant is an effective strategy for reducing HIV-positive births…. Read more
This analysis looks at the costs and benefits of adding family planning services to programs for the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in fourteen high HIV prevalence countries. The benefits of PMTCT programs are discussed. They are further enhanced by the addition of family planning services which by 2007 could avert an… Read more
This is a chapter that looks at diarrhoeal diseases in the book: disease control priorities in developing countries. The chapter covers: Transmission Laboratory diagnosis Syndromic diagnosis Diarrhoea, environment and poverty Public health significance of diarrheal illnesses Preventive strategies Case management Cost-effectiveness of interventions Research agenda
This study models the potential benefits and costs of adding family planning to national strategies for achieving universal access to programs to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. The analysis assumes a service delivery perspective and estimate the cost-effectiveness of programs to reduce the number of HIV-infected children through using antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent perinatal transmission, and… Read more
This is a chapter that looks at tuberculosis in the book: disease control priorities in developing countries. The chapter covers: Tuberculosis infection, disease and death epidemiological burden and trends Intervention against tuberculosis Alternative and complementary approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of active disease cost effectiveness of interventions against tuberculosis cost effectiveness of managing endemic… Read more
This is a chapter that looks at HIV/AIDs prevention and treatment in the book: disease control priorities in developing countries. The chapter covers: obstacles to HIV control action under uncertainty prevention in theory and practice: using epidemic profiles and contextual factors to inform prevention guidelines prevention-care synergy care and treatment research agenda
This sixth edition of the WHO Global and regional estimates of unsafe abortion and associated mortality is a resource on unsafe abortion. The following areas are covered: background legal context of abortion barriers to accessing safe abortion services fertility transition, unplanned pregnancy, contraceptive prevalence and unmet need for family planning health consequences of unsafe abortion… Read more
This is a report on safe abortion providing technical and policy guidance for health systems. The following areas are covered: safe abortion care: the public health challenge clinical care for women undergoing abortion putting services in place legal and policy considerations
This report contains the collective view of international experts on prevention and management of unsafe abortion. Areas covered by the report include: overview of the contribution of unsafe abortion to maternal mortality discussion of draft guidelines for the clinical management of complications of unsafe abortion discussion of the need for additional research in management of… Read more
Medical methods for first trimester abortion have been demonstrated to be both safe and effective. Regimens that combine mifepristone or methotrexate with a prostaglandin such as misoprostol are more efficacous than a prostaglandin alone.
Ending the silent pandemic of unsafe abortion is an urgent public-health and human-rights imperative. As with other more visible global-health issues, this scourge threatens women throughout the developing world. Every year, about 19-20 million abortions are done by individuals without the requisite skills, or in environments below minimum medical standards, or both. Nearly all unsafe… Read more