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Around the world, inequalities in child development are stark. These inequalities often begin before birth and expand during a child’s early years. A child’s earliest years present a window of opportunity to address inequality and improve outcomes later in life. The potential benefits from supporting early childhood development (ECD) include: improved cognitive development, better schooling… Read more
To successfully move the field of teacher education beyond the fragmented and superficial treatment of diversity that currently prevails, teacher educators must articulate a vision of teaching and learning in a diverse society and use that vision to systematically guide the infusion of multicultural issues throughout the preservice curriculum. A vision is offered of culturally… Read more
Background: Deficiencies of iron, iodine, and vitamin A are prevalent worldwide and can affect the mental development and learning ability of schoolchildren. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of micronutrient-fortified biscuits on the micronutrient status of primary school children. Design: Micronutrient status was assessed in 115 children aged 6–11 y… Read more
OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of HIV care (including highly active antiretroviral therapy if eligible) on neurodevelopment. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: Motor and mental development of 35 HIV-infected children (aged 18-71 months) was assessed at entry into care and after 6 and 12 months using age-appropriate tools. Developmental trajectory was compared with 35 HIV-uninfected, affected,… Read more
This paper provides a framework for estimating the economic benefits of early child development (ECD) programs, and applies it to preliminary data from the PIDI project in Bolivia. “Economic benefits” refer first to the monetary value of the benefits in health, nutritional status, and cognitive and social development that accrue to the children who enroll… Read more
n support of A Promise Renewed, this year’s annual report focuses on newborn survival. Neonatal deaths account for 44 per cent of all under-five deaths, so addressing neonatal mortality is a crucial component to ending preventable child deaths. This report not only discusses levels and trends in under-five and neonatal mortality since 1990, but it… Read more
In the course of UNICEF’s work during the past decade, the child-friendly school (CFS) model has emerged as the organization’s signature means to advocate for and promote quality education for every girl and boy. The model can be viewed as a package solution and a holistic instrument for pulling together a comprehensive range of interventions… Read more
Motivated by the challenges of low learning levels and a global data gap on learning, 30 organizations have joined efforts through the Learning Metrics Task Force with the ultimate goal of improving learning experiences for children and youth around the world. Convened by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics and the Center for Universal Education at… Read more
This paper evaluates the application of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory as it is represented in empirical work on families and their relationships. We describe the ‘‘mature’’ form of bioecological theory of the mid-1990s and beyond, with its focus on proximal processes at the center of the Process-Person-Context-Time model. We then examine 25 papers published since 2001,… Read more
Introduction There are two distinct stages in Cuba’s history with regard to child development services. In the first stage, before the Revolution, health services were quite limited; there were only 300 children’s health centers in the entire country, and the child mortality rate was 54 per 1,000 live births. In the second stage, following the… Read more
Objective: To estimate the association of improved nutrition in early life with adult intellectual functioning, con- trolling for years of schooling. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Four villages in Guatemala, as well as locations within Guatemala to which cohort members migrated. Participants: Individuals who had participated as children in a nutrition supplementation intervention trial from… Read more